Percepción estudiantil sobre la calidad ambiental del agua y validación con evidencias de laboratorio en la Bahía Interior de Puno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70123/jht.103Palabras clave:
Lago Titicaca , exposición ambiental , percepción estudiantil , laboratorio acreditado, gobernanza hídricaResumen
El Lago Titicaca, ecosistema estratégico, enfrenta presiones antrópicas que comprometen su calidad ambiental. En la Bahía Interior de Puno convergen descargas urbanas que intensifican la percepción de riesgo. Este estudio estima cómo las percepciones sobre cuatro presiones (acuicultura, minería/metales, gestión de residuos y pérdida de biodiversidad) explican la percepción global de impactos, y las contrasta con un referente técnico acreditado (Laboratorios Analíticos del Sur–Arequipa), empleado únicamente con fines descriptivos. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1,011 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (escala Likert 1–5). Econométricamente, se estimó un modelo logístico ordenado (Ologit) con PIA5 (impacto global) como dependiente y PIA1–PIA4 como predictores; se verificó el supuesto de odds proporcionales (prueba de Brant) y se calcularon efectos marginales. En paralelo, se analizaron 90 respuestas abiertas para identificar temas espontáneos. El Ologit muestra ajuste significativo (LR χ²(4)=429.53; p<0.001; Pseudo-R²≈0.143): minería/metales y pérdida de biodiversidad exhiben los efectos positivos más robustos; residuos presenta un efecto menor y la acuicultura no resulta significativa. El análisis cualitativo privilegia marcos valorativos y propositivos (turismo/identidad/educación) y reconoce preocupaciones por metales y ecosistemas. El informe ALS-2025 reporta, para dicha bahía, As=12.2 µg/L (cumple ECA) y Hg=0.000171 mg/L (excede ECA); estos datos no se emplean en regresiones y solo contextualizan riesgos “invisibles”. Concluimos que la percepción estudiantil constituye un proxy útil para priorizar educación y comunicación de riesgos, y orientar monitoreo trazable e intervenciones costo-efectivas. La participación de semilleros aporta una mirada integral económica, ambiental, social e institucional para la gobernanza del Titicaca.
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Derechos de autor 2025 TAHIRI KRISTHEL NINA PAYE, Kely MAMANI COARITE , Alex Ronaldo MAMANI ISCARA, Milton Yoseph ALVAREZ LAQUISE, Diana Rosmery HUANCA COPAJA , Dr. Fortunato Escobar-Mamani (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
