REGULACIÓN DE TENSIÓN Y FRECUENCIA MEDIANTE UN CONTROL ADAPTATIVO PARA UN GENERADOR SÍNCRONO EN LA EPIME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26788/ri.v12i1.3901Palabras clave:
Corriente de excitación, control PID, frecuencia, Generador síncrono, regulación de tensión.Resumen
La generación de energía eléctrica es uno de los sectores industriales más grandes y extensos del planeta, en estos últimos tiempos la electricidad se ha tornado muy esencial para la vida moderna, los sistemas de generación convencionales y los sistemas modernos como la generación de energía con recursos de energía renovables, solar fotovoltaicos, eólicas, la conexión de las cargas industriales no lineales y la inserción de la generación distribuida a las redes de electricidad en estos últimos tiempos exigen una mayor regulación de tensión y frecuencia para dotar de electricidad con calidad de energía y confiabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es, la implementación de un sistema control automatizado para la regulación de tensión y control de frecuencia para un generador síncrono. El sistema de control automatizado se implementa en el módulo PLC-S71200 SIEMENS, como planta se utiliza un módulo generador síncrono, también se utiliza un motor de inducción, el cual cumple la función de motor primario, el acoplamiento del sistema es mediante una faja tipo V. La metodología para la implementación del sistema de control, la configuración del controlador, la programación se implanta mediante el interfaz TÍA Portal y la técnica de sintonización inicial y una sintonización fina para el sistema, con estos parámetros del regulador, la ganancia proporcional 5, tiempo de integración 1,27 segundos, y tiempo derivativo 0,1 segundos, para un tiempo de muestreo del algoritmo 0,003 segundos. El sistema controlador ha logrado regular la tensión y controlar la frecuencia para carga resistiva, inductiva y capacitiva.
Descargas
Citas
REFERENCIAS
Ahcene, Fazia, and Hamid Bentarzi. 2020. “Automatic Voltage Regulator Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique.†In 2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 2020, 0–5. Algeria. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE49691.2020.9249789.
Ang, Kiam Heong, Gregory Chong, and Yun Li. 2005. “PID Control System Analysis, Design, and Technology.†IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 13 (4): 559–76. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2005.847331.
Batmani, Yazdan, and Hêmin Golpîra. 2019. “Automatic Voltage Regulator Design Using a Modified Adaptive Optimal Approach.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 104 (May 2018): 349–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.07.001.
Bevrani, Hassan, Hêmin Golpîra, Arturo Román Messina, Nikos Hatziargyriou, Federico Milano, and Toshifumi Ise. 2021. “Power System Frequency Control: An Updated Review of Current Solutions and New Challenges.†Electric Power Systems Research 194 (December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107114.
Breeze, Paul. 2018. “Hydropower Generators.†In Hydropower, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812906-7.00005-3.
Chatterjee, A., V. Mukherjee, and S. P. Ghoshal. 2009. “Velocity Relaxed and Craziness-Based Swarm Optimized Intelligent PID and PSS Controlled AVR System.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 31 (7–8): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.03.012.
Cisneros, M, M Arjona, and F Sellschopp. 2010. “Identificación Paramétrica de Un Generador Síncrono a Partir de La Prueba de Escalón de Voltaje.†Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México., no. 665–0654: 7.
Demillon, Rufino, and Huber Leal. 2017. “Revista de Operaciones Tecnológicas Lazos de Control Para Un Regulador Automático de Voltaje ( AVR ) Revista de Operaciones Tecnológicas.†ECORFAN-Taiwan 1 (1): 35–48.
Diaz-Rodriguez, Ivan D., Vilma A. Oliveira, and Shankar P. Bhattacharyya. 2015. “Modern Design of Classical Controllers: Digital PID Controllers.†IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2015-Septe (5): 1010–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2015.7281610.
Duque, Arturo, Jesus Lopez, and Andres Navas. 2017. “Sintonización de Un Controlador PID Implementado En Un PLC Haciendo Uso de Inteligencia de Enjambres.†Scielo 35 Prospect. Vol. 15, No. 1, 15 (1692–8261). https://doi.org/Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v15i1.679.
Fjarstedt, Eric. 2019. “Implementation of an Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Machines on an FPGA.†UPPSALA UNIVERSITET. https://doi.org/ISSN: 1654-7616, UPTEC E 19013.
Fraile, Jesús. 2008. Máquinas Eléctricas. edited by s. a. u. mcgraw-hill/interamericana de España. 6ta. Ed. Madrid.
Gaing, Zwe-Lee. 2004. “A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Optimum Design of PID Controller in AVR System.†IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19 (2): 384–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2003.821821.
Grover, Himanshu, Ashu Verma, and T. S. Bhatti. 2020. “Load Frequency Control & Automatic Voltage Regulation for a Single Area Power System.†PIICON 2020 - 9th IEEE Power India International Conference, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIICON49524.2020.9112902.
Hernández, Ricardo. 2010. Introducción a Los Sistemas de Control: Conceptos, Aplicación y Simulación Con MATLAB. Pearson Educación de México. 1st ed. Vol. 01.
Herrera, E, J Garcia, and R Gustabello. 2018. “Implementación de Algoritmos de Control En La Unidad # 1 de La Central Hidroeléctrica Hanabanilla Para La Regulación de Frecuencia Del Sistema Electro-Energético Nacional.†RIELAC XXXIX3 (1815–5928): 14.
Hote, Yogesh V., and Shivam Jain. 2018. “PID Controller Design for Load Frequency Control: Past, Present and Future Challenges.†IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (4): 604–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.162.
Huang, Xiaotong, Yuquan Liu, Yufeng Liao, Zhouming Jiang, Jibiao He, and Yajun Li. 2018. “Multiple Energy Complementation.†2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/EI250167.2020.9346802.
Jerković Štil, Vedrana, and Muharem Mehmedović. 2018. “Interconnection and Damping Assignment Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Generators.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 101 (September 2017): 204–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.03.022.
Jittapramualboon, Sajee, and Wudhichai Assawinchaichote. 2017. “Optimization of PID Controller Based on Taguchi Combined Particle Swarm Optimization for AVR System of Synchronous Generator.†20th International Computer Science and Engineering Conference: Smart Ubiquitos Computing and Knowledge, ICSEC 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSEC.2016.7859925.
Krishna, V.B Murali, V. Sandeep, S.S. Murthy, and Kishore Yadlapati. 2022. “Experimental Investigation on Performance Comparison of Self Excited Induction Generator and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Small Scale Renewable Energy Applications.†Renewable Energy 195 (August): 431–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2022.06.051.
Kumar, Lalitesh, Prawendra kumar, Satyajeet, and Deepak Narang. 2018. “Tuning of Fractional Order PIλ Dμ Controllers Using Evolutionary Optimization for PID Tuned Synchronous Generator Excitation System.†IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (4): 859–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.121.
Kundur, P. 1994. Power System Stability and Control. Edited by Neal J. Balu and Mark G. Lauby. McGraw-Hil. New York.
Ledesma, Pablo. 2020. Análisis Dinámico y Control de Sistemas Eléctricos. 1ra. Ed. Madrid: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Londoño, Pérez, and Sandra Milena. 2005. “Utilización de Una Técnica Adaptativa En El Control de La Excitación de Una Máquina Síncrona.†Redalyc.Org, 9.
López, Evelin, Jorge Oyuela, José López, and Jeison Mayorga. 2015. “Característica de Regulación de Tensión de Un Generador Sincrónico.†Ingeniería Eléctrica Industrial - UNAH.
Lozano-Valencia, Leonardo, Luis Rodriguez-Garcia, and Didier Giraldo-Buitrado. 2012. “Diseño, Implementación y Validación de Un Controlador PID Autosintonizado.†Rev. Tecno Lógicas 28, no. 0123–7799: 22.
Lucero, J, J Ñauta, and M Carpio. 2017. “Diseño e Implementación de Un Sistema de Control de Voltaje y Frecuencia de Un Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia a Escala Para La Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Cuenca.†Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia Ingenius, no. 1390-860X: 7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17163/ings.n17.2017.08.
Mandali, Anusree, Lili Dong, and Allen Morinec. 2020. “Robust Controller Design for Automatic Voltage Regulation.†Proceedings of the American Control Conference 2020-July: 2617–22. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC45564.2020.9147208.
Masood, Nahid-Al, Md. N Shazon, Hasin M Ahmed, and Shohana R Deeba. 2020. “Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System.†Energies . https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174555.
Nahas, Nabil, Mohammed Abouheaf, Adel Sharaf, and Wail Gueaieb. 2019. “A Self-Adjusting Adaptive AVR-LFC Scheme for Synchronous Generators.†IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 34 (6): 5073–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2920782.
Nguyen, Nam Hoai, and Phuoc Doan Nguyen. 2018. “Overshoot and Settling Time Assignment with PID for First-Order and Second-Order Systems.†IET Control Theory and Applications 12 (17): 2407–16. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2018.5076.
Park, Sang Hoon, Seung Kyung Lee, Su Won Lee, Jae Sung Yu, Sang Seuk Lee, and Chung Yuen Won. 2009. “Output Voltage Control of a Synchronous Generator for Ships Using Compound Type Digital AVR.†INTELEC, International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Proceedings), 417–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2009.5352002.
Pham, Duy An, Najib Essounbouli, Frederic Noller, and Abdelaziz Hamzaoui. 2017. “Voltage and Frequency Regulation for Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator in Micro Hydro Power Plants with Real-Time Implementation.†International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), no. 9781538628478: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2017.8477386.
Rahimian, M Sadegh, and Kaamran Raahemifar. 2011. Optimal PID Controller Design for AVR System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030468.
Rodríguez, Miguel. 2015. Máquinas Eléctricas I †G862. Cantabria.
Salih, Ashref M., Abdulrahim Th Humod, and Fadhil A. Hasan. 2019. “Optimum Design for PID-ANN Controller for Automatic Voltage Regulator of Synchronous Generator.†4th Scientific International Conference Najaf, SICN 2019, 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/SICN47020.2019.9019367.
Samad, Tariq. 2017. “A Survey on Industry Impact and Challenges Thereof.†IEEE Control Systems, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2016.2621438.
Shayeghi, H., H. A. Shayanfar, A. Safari, and R. Aghmasheh. 2010. “A Robust PSSs Design Using PSO in a Multi-Machine Environment.†Energy Conversion and Ahcene, Fazia, and Hamid Bentarzi. 2020. “Automatic Voltage Regulator Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique.†In 2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 2020, 0–5. Algeria. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE49691.2020.9249789.
Ang, Kiam Heong, Gregory Chong, and Yun Li. 2005. “PID Control System Analysis, Design, and Technology.†IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 13 (4): 559–76. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2005.847331.
Batmani, Yazdan, and Hêmin Golpîra. 2019. “Automatic Voltage Regulator Design Using a Modified Adaptive Optimal Approach.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 104 (May 2018): 349–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.07.001.
Bevrani, Hassan, Hêmin Golpîra, Arturo Román Messina, Nikos Hatziargyriou, Federico Milano, and Toshifumi Ise. 2021. “Power System Frequency Control: An Updated Review of Current Solutions and New Challenges.†Electric Power Systems Research 194 (December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107114.
Breeze, Paul. 2018. “Hydropower Generators.†In Hydropower, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812906-7.00005-3.
Chatterjee, A., V. Mukherjee, and S. P. Ghoshal. 2009. “Velocity Relaxed and Craziness-Based Swarm Optimized Intelligent PID and PSS Controlled AVR System.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 31 (7–8): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.03.012.
Cisneros, M, M Arjona, and F Sellschopp. 2010. “Identificación Paramétrica de Un Generador Síncrono a Partir de La Prueba de Escalón de Voltaje.†Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México., no. 665–0654: 7.
Demillon, Rufino, and Huber Leal. 2017. “Revista de Operaciones Tecnológicas Lazos de Control Para Un Regulador Automático de Voltaje ( AVR ) Revista de Operaciones Tecnológicas.†ECORFAN-Taiwan 1 (1): 35–48.
Diaz-Rodriguez, Ivan D., Vilma A. Oliveira, and Shankar P. Bhattacharyya. 2015. “Modern Design of Classical Controllers: Digital PID Controllers.†IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2015-Septe (5): 1010–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2015.7281610.
Duque, Arturo, Jesus Lopez, and Andres Navas. 2017. “Sintonización de Un Controlador PID Implementado En Un PLC Haciendo Uso de Inteligencia de Enjambres.†Scielo 35 Prospect. Vol. 15, No. 1, 15 (1692–8261). https://doi.org/Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v15i1.679.
Fjarstedt, Eric. 2019. “Implementation of an Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Machines on an FPGA.†UPPSALA UNIVERSITET. https://doi.org/ISSN: 1654-7616, UPTEC E 19013.
Fraile, Jesús. 2008. Máquinas Eléctricas. edited by s. a. u. mcgraw-hill/interamericana de España. 6ta. Ed. Madrid.
Gaing, Zwe-Lee. 2004. “A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Optimum Design of PID Controller in AVR System.†IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19 (2): 384–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2003.821821.
Grover, Himanshu, Ashu Verma, and T. S. Bhatti. 2020. “Load Frequency Control & Automatic Voltage Regulation for a Single Area Power System.†PIICON 2020 - 9th IEEE Power India International Conference, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIICON49524.2020.9112902.
Hernández, Ricardo. 2010. Introducción a Los Sistemas de Control: Conceptos, Aplicación y Simulación Con MATLAB. Pearson Educación de México. 1st ed. Vol. 01.
Herrera, E, J Garcia, and R Gustabello. 2018. “Implementación de Algoritmos de Control En La Unidad # 1 de La Central Hidroeléctrica Hanabanilla Para La Regulación de Frecuencia Del Sistema Electro-Energético Nacional.†RIELAC XXXIX3 (1815–5928): 14.
Hote, Yogesh V., and Shivam Jain. 2018. “PID Controller Design for Load Frequency Control: Past, Present and Future Challenges.†IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (4): 604–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.162.
Huang, Xiaotong, Yuquan Liu, Yufeng Liao, Zhouming Jiang, Jibiao He, and Yajun Li. 2018. “Multiple Energy Complementation.†2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/EI250167.2020.9346802.
Jerković Štil, Vedrana, and Muharem Mehmedović. 2018. “Interconnection and Damping Assignment Automatic Voltage Regulator for Synchronous Generators.†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 101 (September 2017): 204–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.03.022.
Jittapramualboon, Sajee, and Wudhichai Assawinchaichote. 2017. “Optimization of PID Controller Based on Taguchi Combined Particle Swarm Optimization for AVR System of Synchronous Generator.†20th International Computer Science and Engineering Conference: Smart Ubiquitos Computing and Knowledge, ICSEC 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSEC.2016.7859925.
Krishna, V.B Murali, V. Sandeep, S.S. Murthy, and Kishore Yadlapati. 2022. “Experimental Investigation on Performance Comparison of Self Excited Induction Generator and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Small Scale Renewable Energy Applications.†Renewable Energy 195 (August): 431–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2022.06.051.
Kumar, Lalitesh, Prawendra kumar, Satyajeet, and Deepak Narang. 2018. “Tuning of Fractional Order PIλ Dμ Controllers Using Evolutionary Optimization for PID Tuned Synchronous Generator Excitation System.†IFAC-PapersOnLine 51 (4): 859–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.121.
Kundur, P. 1994. Power System Stability and Control. Edited by Neal J. Balu and Mark G. Lauby. McGraw-Hil. New York.
Ledesma, Pablo. 2020. Análisis Dinámico y Control de Sistemas Eléctricos. 1ra. Ed. Madrid: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Londoño, Pérez, and Sandra Milena. 2005. “Utilización de Una Técnica Adaptativa En El Control de La Excitación de Una Máquina Síncrona.†Redalyc.Org, 9.
López, Evelin, Jorge Oyuela, José López, and Jeison Mayorga. 2015. “Característica de Regulación de Tensión de Un Generador Sincrónico.†Ingeniería Eléctrica Industrial - UNAH.
Lozano-Valencia, Leonardo, Luis Rodriguez-Garcia, and Didier Giraldo-Buitrado. 2012. “Diseño, Implementación y Validación de Un Controlador PID Autosintonizado.†Rev. Tecno Lógicas 28, no. 0123–7799: 22.
Lucero, J, J Ñauta, and M Carpio. 2017. “Diseño e Implementación de Un Sistema de Control de Voltaje y Frecuencia de Un Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia a Escala Para La Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Cuenca.†Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia Ingenius, no. 1390-860X: 7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17163/ings.n17.2017.08.
Mandali, Anusree, Lili Dong, and Allen Morinec. 2020. “Robust Controller Design for Automatic Voltage Regulation.†Proceedings of the American Control Conference 2020-July: 2617–22. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC45564.2020.9147208.
Masood, Nahid-Al, Md. N Shazon, Hasin M Ahmed, and Shohana R Deeba. 2020. “Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System.†Energies . https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174555.
Nahas, Nabil, Mohammed Abouheaf, Adel Sharaf, and Wail Gueaieb. 2019. “A Self-Adjusting Adaptive AVR-LFC Scheme for Synchronous Generators.†IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 34 (6): 5073–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2920782.
Nguyen, Nam Hoai, and Phuoc Doan Nguyen. 2018. “Overshoot and Settling Time Assignment with PID for First-Order and Second-Order Systems.†IET Control Theory and Applications 12 (17): 2407–16. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2018.5076.
Park, Sang Hoon, Seung Kyung Lee, Su Won Lee, Jae Sung Yu, Sang Seuk Lee, and Chung Yuen Won. 2009. “Output Voltage Control of a Synchronous Generator for Ships Using Compound Type Digital AVR.†INTELEC, International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Proceedings), 417–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2009.5352002.
Pham, Duy An, Najib Essounbouli, Frederic Noller, and Abdelaziz Hamzaoui. 2017. “Voltage and Frequency Regulation for Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator in Micro Hydro Power Plants with Real-Time Implementation.†International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), no. 9781538628478: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2017.8477386.
Rahimian, M Sadegh, and Kaamran Raahemifar. 2011. Optimal PID Controller Design for AVR System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030468.
Rodríguez, Miguel. 2015. Máquinas Eléctricas I †G862. Cantabria.
Salih, Ashref M., Abdulrahim Th Humod, and Fadhil A. Hasan. 2019. “Optimum Design for PID-ANN Controller for Automatic Voltage Regulator of Synchronous Generator.†4th Scientific International Conference Najaf, SICN 2019, 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/SICN47020.2019.9019367.
Samad, Tariq. 2017. “A Survey on Industry Impact and Challenges Thereof.†IEEE Control Systems, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2016.2621438.
Shayeghi, H., H. A. Shayanfar, A. Safari, and R. Aghmasheh. 2010. “A Robust PSSs Design Using PSO in a Multi-Machine Environment.†Energy Conversion and Management 51 (4): 696–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.10.025.
Siemens AG. 2019. Manual de Funciones Regulación PID. Edited by Siemens.com. Alemania.
Vargas, Bruno. 2008. “Control PID Autoajustable Basado En Un Margen de Fase Prefijado.†Facultad de Ingenieria Electronica y Electrica. UNMSM Lima.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 ROUSELL DARIO MONTES APAZA
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
