PRODUCCIÓN DE METANO DE LA EXCRETA ANIMAL PARA EL APROVECHAMIENTO ENERGÉTICO EN LA REGIÓN ALTOANDINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26788/ri.v11i4.3514Palabras clave:
Palabras clave: bioabono, biodigestor, biogás, biol, excreta, metano.Resumen
La excreta fecal del ganado puede ser perjudicial para el medio ambiente si no se tiene un manejo adecuado. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la producción de metano (CH4) a partir de la excreta de ganado vacuno, como fuente alternativa de energía para uso doméstico. El método consistió en someter 8,9 kg de excreta fresca a digestión anaeróbica en biodigestor discontinuo, durante 45 días. Los resultados indican que la fermentación desarrolla una temperatura de 31,20 ± 0,49 °C y un pH de 6,98 ± 0,17; la relación entre la producción de biogás y el tiempo de fermentación fue alta (R2 = 0,985) y significativa (p < 0,05), obteniéndose 184,87 ± 1,09 L de biogás, con un contenido de 62,07 ± 1,24 % de CH4, 31,05 ± 0,53 % de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y otros gases menores, y 32,05 L de sustancia líquida como efluente (biol + biosol), con una demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) reducida en 74 % con respecto al afluente. El biogás obtenido tuvo un contenido energético de 3,466 Mcal/m3. A partir de los resultados se concluye que la fermentación anaeróbica de la excreta fecal de ganado vacuno puede ser una alternativa para la obtención de biogás de uso doméstico y biol como bioabono para la agricultura.
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